填石路堤的摊铺工艺研究

填石路堤的施工工艺是路堤工程质量控制的一个重要方面,施工工艺控制的好坏直接影响着施工质量。其中,摊铺工艺尤为重要。     

Ground truthing sediment profile imagery with traditional benthic survey data along an established disturbance gradient

Macrobenthic surveys are an expensive, slow and labour intensive means to establish the health of benthic communities. Sediment profile imagery (SPI) is a means of rapid reconnaissance for monitoring large areas of the benthos. SPI has often been used to monitor gross anthropogenic disturbance. The aim of this study is to determine if SPI can be used as a tool to reliably map change in communities along natural estuarine gradients. Macrobenthic sampling was carried out at five stations along an established estuarine gradient. This faunal data was analysed using standard multivariate techniques and to ground truth a concurrent SPI survey. Faunal analysis showed that habitat quality in Inner Galway Bay was generally good, with some localised disturbance from the River Corrib and the sewage out flow exterior to the city dock. Four distinct groups were identified with a degree of overlap occurring between stations 3 and 4. While existing SPI indices mapped habitat quality in the same manner as the faunal data for end member stations, the level of distinction between the habitats of an intermediate staging was found to be poor. This lack of distinction amongst the stage 2 and 3 stations was overcome by developing a tailored index, the Galway Bay index of habitat quality (GBHQ). This index was derived from the 5 observed variables in the SPI data that were determined to best match the faunal distribution by permutative mantel testing. The 5 observed variables from the SPI data were the depth of the apparent redox potential discontinuity (aRPD), the depth of penetration by the prism, and the presence/absence of infauna, surface faecal pellet layer and biogenic mounding. The GBHQ was able to distinguish between the 5 stations to a greater extent than previously described indices, showing clearly the separate groupings defined by the faunal data. The index was tested on a follow up SPI survey and shown to be applicable in mapping a broader range of habitats in Galway Bay. Indices generated for localised mapping of estuarine gradients should be derived from observed features and be ground truthed using faunal data. Some aspects of the GBHQ should be generally applicable to fine grained boreal estuarine sediments (aRPD/penetration), while others may be of limited utility in other locations depending on the digging characteristics of the particular SPI camera, and local factors influencing the persistence of biogenic features in the profile. This derivation technique provides a simple way to optimise SPI to particular studies and localities.     

大断面小净距隧道断面优化及其设计参数研究

对于大跨度小净距隧道而言,合理扁平率及双洞间距的设计对于节约成本,提高隧道线形规划具有至关重要的作用,因此,优化大跨度小净距隧道的扁平率及其间距是隧道设计施工面临的关键问题。以某双洞8车道隧道施工为研究背景,通过数值模拟及理论分析,对断面优化及其设计参数进行了深入研究。研究结果表明:随着高宽比的增加,拱顶位移逐渐减少,水平收敛逐渐增大,在高宽比为2.0时达到理想状态,这个时候的拱顶位移和水平收敛基本相同,此时断面有利于开挖。当高宽比取理想高宽比2.0时,这时应力较均匀,是开挖的理想断面,同时考虑行车通行的建筑界限,取高宽比为0.6333是合理的。隧洞埋深对塑性半径和周边位移的影响极大;弹性范围内的支护阻力与隧洞变形成正比;塑性半径随着围岩强度的增加而减小。     

Inventor参数化变压器三维结构设计

从铁道牵引变压器标准化的结构基本参数入手,利用Inventor软件采用Top-down设计思路,通过变压器基本参数建立结构骨架,然后与上级模块配合细化结构参数,完成初步结构设计,对结构优化完善,建立自适应模块,充实通用件库,最终完成总装配,生成与3D图参数关联的传统2D图纸,完成牵引变压器的设计。     

基于电力传动磨轨车辅助电源滤波器设计

简要分析了基于电力传动磨轨车辅助电源整流单元和逆变单元谐波产生的机理,对设置直流滤波器以及交流滤波器的必要性做了说明,重点阐述直流滤波器和交流滤波器的参数设计,并且通过仿真对参数选择做了校验.仿真结果及试验结果表明,滤波器参数选择对谐波的消除具有很好的实用价值.     

施工参数对盾构穿越软土地层变形控制的影响分析

以盾构穿越昆明市轨道交通5号线金海新区站—福保站区间软土地层为背景,通过建立三维数值计算模型,研究施工参数对盾构穿越软土地层变形控制的影响。研究结果表明:双线盾构隧道施工,在相同施工工艺情况下,地层变形不完全对称;先掘进隧道由于开挖卸载作用,对地层原始应力产生影响,最终会产生略大于后掘进隧道的变形;盾构在软土地层中掘进,土仓压力宜略大于土体掌子面压力,即采用盈压模式掘进;盾构施工过程中,宜采用早凝浆液,同时宜使用稠浆,避免后期浆液凝固失水收缩产生地层损失,或采取其他措施达到及时填充盾尾空隙且无后期收缩作用的效果。     

臂式地铁接触轨几何状态参数检测小车研究

为解决地铁接触轨几何状态参数人工检测精度低、效率低、工人劳动强度大等问题,在调研国内外相关技术现状的基础上,充分考虑测量精度和效率要求、测量空间对测量机构体积和质量的限制等内外部因素,研发一种基于平行四边形机构的臂式地铁接触轨几何状态参数连续检测小车。小车基于接触式测量原理,对小车进行机械机构设计和参数设计,建立数学模型,然后对采集的数据进行计算分析,验证接触式测量的有效性。试验证明,该检测小车拉出值的综合检测精度达到0. 1 mm,导高综合检测精度达0. 17 mm,其测量效率和精度能很好地满足地铁接触轨几何状态参数检测的要求。     

基于双参数雨流法的地铁车辆转向架构架寿命评估

采用双参数雨流法对在线实测的地铁车辆转向架构架载荷时间历程进行计数统计,分离出完整的应力循环和半循环,表征了构架服役过程的随机载荷谱块。根据名义应力法理论及miner疲劳损伤累积理论,估算出了地铁车辆转向架构架的疲劳寿命。分析结果表明,测点处的寿命为13.4年左右。